電動自行車的基本結構

電動(dong)自行車由(you)車體(ti)、電驅動(dong)裝置(電機(ji))、可充電電池、充電器和(he)控制系統五(wu)大部分組成。

不同種類的車，其電池置放位置、控制形式等有所(suo)不同。

(1)車體：由于國家標準規(gui)定電動自行車的時速為20公里，對(dui)車體無(wu)特(te)殊要求(qiu)，一般(ban)與自行車相同，具(ju)有(you)人力騎行功能(neng)。

(2)電(dian)(dian)(dian)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)裝置(電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji))：電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行車的電(dian)(dian)(dian)驅(qu)(qu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)體(ti)上(shang)有(you)三類： 1. 磨擦傳動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；2. 中(zhong)軸驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；3. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)輪轂(gu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)輪轂(gu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具(ju)有(you)體(ti)積小(xiao)、重量輕、能耗低、效率比(bi)較高(gao)等(deng)優點(dian)，目前(qian)國內電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行車大(da)多是(shi)這種方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)分為無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和有(you)刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)兩類。無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主要是(shi)低速(su)大(da)力矩電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，沒有(you)傳動(dong)(dong)齒輪，避免了(le)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械磨損(sun)，運行中(zhong)幾(ji)乎沒有(you)噪(zao)音，但無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流沖(chong)擊較大(da)，控(kong)制系(xi)統結(jie)構復(fu)雜。輪轂(gu)有(you)刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)用先(xian)進(jin)技(ji)術，提高(gao)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)壽命，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)效率較高(gao)，控(kong)制系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)子線路簡單。

(3)可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池：用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池主(zhu)要有三類，即小型密(mi)封式(shi)免維護鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池和(he)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，小型密(mi)封式(shi)免維護鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用成本低，容量(liang)大(da)，被國內企(qi)業普遍采用。

(4)充電(dian)器：充電(dian)器設計采用恒流、恒壓、浮充三階段自(zi)動(dong)轉(zhuan)換方式(shi)，對電(dian)池(chi)產生保護，有效地延長電(dian)池(chi)壽命。

(5)控(kong)(kong)制系統：控(kong)(kong)制系統設計有多(duo)項保(bao)護(hu)功能，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)量顯示、無線(xian)調速、軟啟動(dong)、欠(qian)壓保(bao)護(hu)、過流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)剎車斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)等。保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)機和(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可使電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)有控(kong)(kong)制地輸出(chu)，產生所需動(dong)力(li)，又不燒壞電(dian)(dian)機。目前國內(nei)開發的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車，大多(duo)是以手(shou)動(dong)調速把(ba)手(shou)來(lai)自行決定電(dian)(dian)力(li)供給方式。